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13

Horsfield's Bronze-Cuckoo (Chalcites [Chrysococcyx] basalis) Alternate name(s): "Narrow-billed Bronze-Cuckoo", "Rufous-tailed Bronze-Cuckoo" Aboriginal name(s): "djorit*" (WA) Size: 14-17 cm Weight: 17-32 g

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Similar species

Description     Classification     Distribution     Sightings     Photos     Breeding     Nest     Eggs     Behaviour     Food     Call/s

Physical description Click here for a physical description Horsfield's Bronze-Cuckoos are small cuckoos. The front is mostly white, with some partial greyish-brown barring. They have a prominent brownish-green eye stripe. The back is russet-brown tinged with metallic green. Depending on the angle of infalling sunlight, the upperwings can show some iridescence. The undertail is heavily barred grey-and-white, while the uppertail is mostly coloured as the rest of the back, except some russet feathers on the outside and some barring showing on the edges from the undertail feathers. Horsfield's Bronze-Cuckoos have no visible eye-rings. The irises are red, the bill is black and the legs and feet are grey. The two sexes look alike and are distinguishable only by their behaviour and calls. Immature and juvenile Horsfield's Bronze-Cuckoos have a greyish-fawn front and a brown back. Only the tail is barred at this age. Twitcher's tip They are distinguished from Shining Bronze-Cuckoos by their prominent, downward-curved brownish-green eye stripe.

Taxonomy, classification See Horsfield's Bronze-Cuckoo at Wikipedia .

Range, habitat, finding this species Click here for information on habitat and range The overall distribution of this species can be assessed based on sighting reports submitted by birdwatchers to ebird.org . The global distribution of Horsfield's Bronze-Cuckoo is available HERE . When not in Australia, Horsfield's Bronze-Cuckoos are found on the islands of far south-eastern Asia, from southern Malaysia through eastern Indonesia and Timor Leste to southern New Guinea. Horsfield's Bronze-Cuckoos migrate to Australia from the North. In contrast with other species, they not only hop islands across the Torres Strait, but can make landfall anywhere along the North coast of Australia, from about Broome, WA, to Cape Melville, QLD. They populate almost the entire Australian continent and breed only in Australia. During their breeding season they are found mostly in the eastern half (except the far North), Tasmania, and the south-western corner of the continent. At other times they can disperse across the rest of the continent, including many offshore islands. Only in the most arid parts of the mainland (mostly the great sandy deserts of the eastern half of WA, South of the Kimberley) they are found only rarely. Horsfield's Bronze-Cuckoos can usually be found in open woodland and also farmland with scattered trees.

Sightings Click here for sighting information We have had a few sightings of Horsfield's Bronze-Cuckoos, first at the farm where we lived until 2006, 20 km South of Narrabri, NSW, in 2004 and again in October 2005. Starting in September 2007, a Horsfield's Bronze-Cuckoo declared the trees around our house at Eulah Creek, 20 km East of Narrabri, its home for the breeding season. After their summer migration, a Horsfield's Bronze-Cuckoo returned to our area in early October 2008. The next sighting there was in August 2012. In subsequent years we noticed that Horsfield's Bronze-Cuckoos do not always migrate. In 2015, for example, a bird was consistently heard and seen at Eulah Creek throughout the winter, despite two cold snaps, with snow in the adjacent Nandewar Range down to below 1000 m. The same was noted again in the winter of 2016. In the 2017 breeding season, two males were heard calling strongly at Eulah Creek, near Wee Waa, NSW, at the end of July. Horsfield's Cuckoos have also seen by us a bit further to the East, in the foothills of the Nandewar Range, 30 km east of Narrabri, in Deriah Aboriginal Area, on a few occasions. B. Hensen reports spotting Horsfield's Bronze-Cuckoos at Bowra, QLD, in October 2012 and at Eastlakes Golf Course, Sydney, NSW, in December 2012. R. Plumtree reports spotting Horsfield's Cuckoo at Doctors Flat Road, Ensay, East Gippsland, VIC, in September 2015. H. Mouritsen spotted one Horsfield's Bronze-Cuckoo near Darwin, NT, in October 2015.

Photos

ADULT

MALE

Frontal view of a male Horsfield's Bronze-Cuckoo
[Eulah Creek, NSW, September 2015]

Lateral view of a Horsfield's Bronze-Cuckoo
[Eulah Creek, NSW, September 2015]

Lateral view of a Horsfield's Bronze-Cuckoo (photo courtesy of B. Hensen)
[Fogg Dam NR, NT, August 2013]

Near-dorsal view of a Horsfield's Bronze-Cuckoo on a rock
[Mt. Kaputar NP, NSW, August 2017]

Dorsal view of a Horsfield's Bronze-Cuckoo
[Eulah Creek, NSW, October 2011]

FEMALE

When a female arrived, the male Horsfield's Bronze-Cuckoo (left) got all excited
[Eulah Creek, NSW, October 2007]

Male Horsfield's Bronze-Cuckoo pulling all the stops to impress her
[Eulah Creek, NSW, October 2007]

Frontal view of a female Horsfield's Bronze-Cuckoo
[Eulah Creek, NSW, October 2007]

Lateral view of a female Horsfield's Bronze-Cuckoo
[Eulah Creek, NSW, October 2007]

Lateral view of an Horsfield's Bronze-Cuckoo on the ground
[New Quipolly Dam, near Quirindi, NSW, December 2016]

Near-dorsal view of an Horsfield's Bronze-Cuckoo on the ground
[New Quipolly Dam, near Quirindi, NSW, December 2016]

Dorsal view of an Horsfield's Bronze-Cuckoo on the ground
[New Quipolly Dam, near Quirindi, NSW, December 2016]

Pair of Horsfield's Bronze-Cuckoos on the ground
[New Quipolly Dam, near Quirindi, NSW, December 2016]

Horsfield's Bronze-Cuckoo that has just launched itself from its perch
[Glacial Valley, 35 km South-West of Bingara, NSW, March 2013]

IMMATURE/JUVENILE

Frontal view of an immature Horsfield's Bronze-Cuckoo; note the plain colours and the short tail feathers (photo courtesy of B. Hensen)
[Eastlakes Golf Course, Sydney, NSW, December 2012]

Near-frontal view of an immature Horsfield's Bronze-Cuckoo (photo courtesy of B. Hensen)
[Bowra, QLD, October 2012]

Near-lateral view of an immature Horsfield's Bronze-Cuckoo (photo courtesy of B. Hensen)
[Bowra, QLD, October 2012]

Dorsal view of a juvenile Horsfield's Bronze-Cuckoo - this bird was found being fed by a female Rufous Songlark; if our idenfication of the adult bird is correct, this is the first documented case of an Horsfield Bronze-Cuckoo hosting on Rufous Songlarks (click on image to see an adult Horsfield's Bronze-Cuckoo that was found at the same time and location)
[Near Wee Waa, NSW, November 2016]

Breeding information

Breeding season: Aug - Jan

Eggs: 1

Incubation period: Shorter than host's

Fledging age: 16 - 18 days

Given the right conditions for their hosts - and depending on geographical latitude - Horsfield's Bronze-Cuckoos can in principle breed any time of the year.

Juvenile Horsfield's Bronze-Cuckoo begging to be fed by a male Splendid Fairy-wren (photo courtesy of B. Hensen)
[Bowra, QLD, October 2012]

Juvenile Horsfield's Bronze-Cuckoo begging to be fed by a female Splendid Fairy-wren (photo courtesy of B. Hensen)
[Bowra, QLD, October 2012]

Nest

"bungobittah", "malunna" = nest [Aboriginal]

The nest will depend on the chosen host. Above we present a case in which Horsfield's Bronze-Cuckoos hosted on a pair of Splendid Fairy-wrens.

Eggs

"boyanga", "booyanga", "derinya", "dirandil", "koomura", "ngampu", "nooluk", "pateena" = Egg; "dirundirri" = eggs [Aboriginal]; "gawu" = eggs [gamilaraay]

Size: 20 x 15 mm

Colour: Creamy, with light-brown speckles

Shape: Tapered oval

Behaviour

Social behaviour: Territorial

Mobility: Migratory

Elementary unit: Solitary/pair

One of the few diurnal bird species that we have found to also be active at night, especially near full moon.

Together with other birds marking the boundaries of their territory by calling from vantage points, we noticed that the local Horsfield's Bronze-Cuckoos were quiet for two days during a late cold snap in late October 2008.

Food, Diet

Like most other small cuckoos, Horsfield's Bronze-Cuckoos are insect hunters. They take their prey from the ground.

Horsfield's Bronze-Cuckoo taking a caterpillar; the feeding was that good that 4 birds were reluctant to move out of the way of the observer
[Mt. Kaputar NP, NSW, August 2017]

Horsfield's Bronze-Cuckoo seen by us hunting for insects in Casuarina trees along a creek
[Glacial Valley, 35 km South-West of Bingara, NSW, March 2013]

Call(s)/Song

For this species we have recorded the following call(s)/song. The interpretation of their meaning is our own; comments and suggestions for improvement are welcome.

hrscuck_20170809.m4a	(NW NSW)	Contact calls (male)	© MD
hrscuck_20140919.mp3	(NW NSW)	Contact calls (male)	© MD
hrscuck_20170728.m4a	(NW NSW)	Contact calls (male)	© MD
hrscuck_20170728_2.m4a	(NW NSW)	Contact calls (male)	© MD
hrscuck_20140919_2.mp3	(NW NSW)	"Chirruping" calls (male)	© MD
hrscuck_20150715.mp3	(NW NSW)	"Chirruping" calls (male display flight?)	© MD
hrscuck_20150913.mp3	(NW NSW)	Various (chasing one another)	© MD
hrscuck_20150913_2.mp3	(NW NSW)	? (chasing one another)	© MD
hrscuck_20150913_3.mp3	(NW NSW)	? (chasing one another)	© MD

These pages are largely based on our own observations and those of our contributors. The structure of these bird pages is explained HERE. For more salient facts on any bird species please refer to a field guide.

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