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Blue-billed Duck (Oxyura australis) Alternate name(s): "Spiny-tailed Duck", "Diving Duck*", "Stiff-tailed Duck", "Little Musk Duck" Aboriginal name(s): "boodo" (SW WA) Size: 36-44 cm Weight: 0.6-1.2 kg

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Similar species

Description     Classification     Distribution     Sightings     Photos     Breeding     Nest     Eggs     Behaviour     Food     Call/s

Physical description Click here for a physical description Blue-billed Ducks are medium-sized ducks with dimorphic plumage, i.e. males and females are different. Male Blue-billed Ducks have brown body plumage, a black head and neck, and the name-giving blue bill. Female Blue-billed Ducks are all mottled grey-brown, with a dark-grey bill. The stiff, stringy feathers of the wedge-shaped tail of both sexes can be erected. The irises are dark, the bill dark-grey, legs and feet are also dark-grey. Twitcher's tip The females of Blue-billed Duck and Musk Duck can be hard to distinguish. The most prominent difference is the shape of the bill. The female Blue-billed Duck has a typical "duck-like" bill, while that of the female Musk Duck is much more triangular and more reminiscent of a goose's bill.

Taxonomy, classification See Blue-billed Duck at Wikipedia .

Range, habitat, finding this species Click here for information on habitat and range The overall distribution of this species can be assessed, and specific locations where birds have been spotted can be found, based on individual sighting reports submitted by birdwatchers to ebird.org . The global distribution of the Blue-billed Duck is available HERE . Blue-billed Ducks are endemic to Australia. Similar to Musk Ducks, Blue-billed Ducks are found only in the south-eastern and south-western parts of the Australian continent. Their range comprises basically all of Tasmania, VIC, NSW and the southernmost part of QLD, as well as the easternmost part of SA (including Innamincka), plus the south-west corner of WA. During the breeding season they are mostly found in freshwater marshes with dense vegetation; during the rest of the year they also go into the more open waters of freshwater lakes.

Sightings Click here for sighting information Blue-billed Ducks were first seen by us on Narrabri Lake in the 2010/11 breeding season. Two pairs of Blue-billed Ducks were spotted by us at Dangar's Lagoon, Uralla, NSW, in March 2012. In April 2012 also found at Old Quipolly Dam, Quirindi, NSW. Since then, they have always been found by us at that location when there was water in the dam. Blue-billed Ducks are also spotted infrequently by C. Hayne and A. Lines in various wetlands around Moree, NSW. J. Greaves reports spotting a Blue-billed Duck at Herdsman Lake, Perth, WA, in January 2015. M. Eaton reports finding Blue-billed Ducks at Amiens Road dam, near Applethorpe, QLD, in July 2019. C. Pears found a significant number of Blue-billed Ducks at Quindalup, WA, in April 2021.

Photos

ADULT

MALE

Frontal view of a male Blue-billed Duck; note the characteristic blue bill
[Old Quipolly Dam, near Quirindi, NSW, December 2016]

Near-frontal view of a male Blue-billed Duck
[Old Quipolly Dam, near Quirindi, NSW, December 2016]

Lateral view of a male Blue-billed Duck
[Old Quipolly Dam, near Quirindi, NSW, December 2016]

Lateral view of a male Blue-billed Duck
[Old Quipolly Dam, Quirindi, NSW, April 2012]

Near-dorsal view of a male Blue-billed Duck (photo courtesy of J. Greaves)
[Herdsman Lake, Perth, WA, January 2015]

Male Blue-billed Duck preening

Male Blue-billed Duck resting on a pond

Here the male Blue-billed Duck is posing for his mate
[Narrabri Lake, NSW, November 2010]

FEMALE

Near-frontal view of a female Blue-billed Duck; note how the dark plumage looks more speckled than barred compared to the immature birds shown below
[Old Quipolly Dam, near Quirindi, NSW, December 2016]

Near-frontal view of a female Blue-billed Duck with its head turned
[Narrabri Lake, NSW, December 2010]

Near-lateral view of a female Blue-billed Duck
[Old Quipolly Dam, near Quirindi, NSW, December 2016]

Lateral view of a female Blue-billed Duck
[Narrabri Lake, NSW, December 2010]

Lateral view of a female Blue-billed Duck (photo courtesy of C. Pears)
[Quindalup, WA, April 2021]

Female Blue-billed Duck seen preening...
[Narrabri Lake, NSW, December 2010]

... and here scratching its head, exposing one of its black, webbed feet
[Narrabri Lake, NSW, December 2010]

Female Blue-billed Duck resting on a pond

PAIR

Female Blue-billed Duck following a male
[Narrabri Lake, NSW, November 2010]

IMMATURE/JUVENILE

Near-lateral view of a Blue-billed Duck; the prominent barring and pinkish gape suggest that this may be an immature bird
[Old Quipolly Dam, near Quirindi, NSW, December 2016]

Lateral view of a Blue-billed Duck; the prominent barring suggests that this may be an immature bird
[Old Quipolly Dam, near Quirindi, NSW, December 2016]

Immature(?) Blue-billed Duck flapping its wings
[Old Quipolly Dam, near Quirindi, NSW, December 2016]

Behaviour

Social behaviour: Territorial

Mobility: Dispersive/sedentary

Elementary unit: Pair

A male was observed by us "patrolling" a stretch of reeds, paddling both ways, either on open water or in or behind the reeds, as if to protect its territory. The male also repeatedly bobbed its head and tried to impress a female seen by us. If indeed territorial behaviour, Blue-billed Ducks may have been breeding at Narrabri Lake in the breeding season of 2010/11.

Male Blue-billed Duck displaying its tail for a female
[Old Quipolly Dam, near Quirindi, NSW, July 2016]

Male Blue-billed Duck, right, trying to impress a female, left - first he made a big splash and then dashed across the lake, to the left, at top speed - here he is seen "revving up"
[Old Quipolly Dam, near Quirindi, NSW, July 2016]

Blue-billed Ducks resting on open water (photo courtesy of C. Pears)
[Quindalup, WA, April 2021]

Blue-billed Ducks resting on open water (photo courtesy of C. Pears)
[Quindalup, WA, April 2021]

Food, Diet

Unlike other geese, ducks and swans, Blue-billed Ducks are not vegetarian. Apart from underwater plants, they also feed on aquatic invertebrates.

Call(s)/Song

For this species we have recorded the following call(s)/song. The interpretation of their meaning is our own; comments and suggestions for improvement are welcome.

blubill_20161208_2.mp3

(NW NSW)

Squabbling (with wing beats)

© MD

We have also recorded the wing beats of a Blue-billed Duck.

blubill_20161208.mp3

(NW NSW)

Male display

© MD

More Blue-billed Duck sound recordings are available at xeno-canto.org .

These pages are largely based on our own observations and those of our contributors. The structure of these bird pages is explained HERE. For more salient facts on any bird species please refer to a field guide.

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Disclaimer: Comments are always welcome. We give no guarantee that the information presented on these pages is always correct or up-to-date. External links are marked as such and we take no responsibility for the contents of external pages. All images on this site are protected by copyright & used by permission of the respective owners. If you wish to reproduce them or any of the material presented on this web site, please contact us:          Last updated: Tue, 20 April 2021, 2:51 +00:00