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5

Glossy Ibis (Plegadis falcinellus) Alternate name(s): Misnomer: "Black Curlew" Size: 48-66 cm; wing span: 80-105 cm Weight: 485-970 g

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Description     Classification     Distribution     Sightings     Photos     Breeding     Nest     Eggs     Behaviour     Food     Call/s

Physical description Click here for a physical description Glossy Ibises are medium-sized aquatic birds. During the breeding season they have glossy brown plumage on the head, neck and back, while the iridescent wing feathers produce a greenish-black sheen. In eclipse both head and neck lose their glossy appearance and become duller, with greyish streaks. Also the facial border becomes less pronounced. The irises are dark. The long, down-curved bill, the legs and feet are greyish-brown. At a distance, or depending on light conditions, Glossy Ibises can appear to look turquoise-brown, dark-brown or all-black, especially when seen with illumination from behind. Juvenile Glossy Ibises have a greyish streaked head and neck, similar to non-breeding adults.

Taxonomy, classification See Glossy Ibis at Wikipedia .

Range, habitat, finding this species Click here for information on habitat and range The overall distribution of this species can be assessed based on sighting reports submitted by birdwatchers to ebird.org . The global distribution of the Glossy Ibis is available HERE . Glossy Ibises are globally the most widespread species of ibis. They were originally found in (parts of) Europe, the Middle East, Arabia, Asia, Africa and Australia. Quite recently (in the 19th century) they have made the jump from western Africa to Brazil and from there started colonizing the Americas (mostly central and northern America). Within this range they have a preference for temperate to warm climate zones and they are highly migratory and dispersive. Although less common in Australia than other species of ibis, Glossy Ibises are found over much of the Australian continent, including Tasmania. They are not found in the major deserts of the interior, i.e. the eastern half of WA, the western half of SA and the south-eastern corner of the NT. In other parts of the semi-arid interior and the western half of WA they are present only when there is sufficient surface water, normally after major rainfall events. Glossy Ibises are usually found in various types of freshwater wetlands and grassland, including ephemeral wetlands such as flooded grassland.

Sightings Click here for sighting information Glossy Ibises are relatively uncommon around Narrabri, NSW. A group of five Glossy Ibises was first seen by us in Narrabri after rainfall in late October 2007, in a floodway near Narrabri Lake. Since then, they are seen by us semi-regularly in and around Narrabri, and in other areas farther inland in north-western NSW. Their numbers usually range from one to about 20. A pair of Glossy Ibises was, for example, observed at Macquarie Marshes NR in April 2011. They are also found regularly in various wetlands, including the Gwydir Wetlands, near Moree, NSW. In the Gwydir Wetlands Glossy Ibises are also known to breed. J. Greaves reports spotting Glossy Ibises occasionally in the area of Perth, WA. One Glossy Ibis was also seen by J. Greaves at Yellow Water billabong, Kakadu NP, NT, in November 2014. H. Mouritsen reports spotting Glossy Ibises in various locations around the Top End of the NT, including Yellow Water, in October 2015. In March 2015 we spotted a single Glossy Ibis just to the North of Urunga, NSW. M. Eaton reports spotting Glossy Ibises semi-regularly in various wetlands along the coastal fringe of south-eastern QLD. M. Windeyer reports finding a small flock of Glossy Ibises at Tiger Bay Wetlands, Warren, NSW, in October 2017. Glossy Ibises are found occasionally by P. Brown in various locations near Darwin, NT. R. Plumtree reports finding Glossy Ibises at Lake Cullen, VIC. This location is near the southern end of the species' range. Glossy Ibises were also seen by us in Oman.

Photos

ADULT

Sex unknown

BREEDING

Frontal view of a Glossy Ibises in breeding plumage walking towards the observer (photo courtesy of M. Windeyer)
[Tiger Bay Wetlands, Warren, NSW, October 2017]

Near-lateral view of a Glossy Ibis in breeding plumage (photo courtesy of M. Eaton)
[Black Duck Reserve, Murrumba Downs, QLD, September 2017]

Lateral view of a Glossy Ibis in breeding plumage (photo courtesy of M. Eaton)
[Black Duck Reserve, Murrumba Downs, QLD, September 2017]

Lateral view of a Glossy Ibis in breeding plumage; this comparison with Grey Teals shows clearly that Glossy Ibises are in essence duck-sized birds with a long bill, neck and legs
[Near Urunga, NSW, March 2015]

Lateral view of a moulting Glossy Ibis, making it look like a "Bald-necked Ibis" (photo courtesy of R. Plumtree)
[Lake Cullen, VIC, November 2018]

Near-dorsal view of a Glossy Ibis in breeding plumage (photo courtesy of M. Eaton)
[Black Duck Reserve, Murrumba Downs, QLD, September 2017]

Two Glossy Ibises in breeding plumage foraging in a semi-permanent mudflat
[Macquarie Marshes NR, NSW, April 2011]

Small flock of Glossy Ibises in breeding plumage with juveniles (photo courtesy of M. Windeyer)
[Tiger Bay Wetlands, Warren, NSW, October 2017]

Direct comparison of a Glossy Ibis with Australian White Ibises
[Narrabri Lake, NSW, August 2017]

Lateral view of a Glossy Ibis in flight
[Narrabri Lake, NSW, December 2012]

Dorsal view of a Glossy Ibis in flight
[Narrabri Lake, NSW, November 2012]

Skein of Glossy Ibises in flight in a chevron formation
[Narrabri Lake, NSW, October 2015]

Skein of Glossy Ibises in flight in a chevron formation
[Narrabri Lake, NSW, October 2015]

NON-BREEDING

Frontal view of a Glossy Ibis in non-breeding plumage (note the streaking on the head)
[Near Urunga, NSW, March 2015]

Close-up lateral view of a Glossy Ibis in non-breeding plumage (photo courtesy of P. Brown)
[Knuckey Lagoon, Darwin, NT, November 2018]

Close-up lateral view of two Glossy Ibises in non-breeding plumage (photo courtesy of J. Greaves)
[Herdsman Lake, Perth, WA, August 2015]

Close-up lateral view of Glossy Ibises foraging on grassland (photo courtesy of J. Greaves)
[Herdsman Lake, Perth, WA, August 2015]

Lateral view of a Glossy Ibis in brilliant sunshine (photo courtesy of C. Hayne)

Near-dorsal view of Glossy Ibises (photo courtesy of M. Eaton)
[Sandy Camp Road Wetlands, Lytton, QLD, November 2018]

Dorsal view of a Glossy Ibis in non-breeding plumage
[Near Moree, NSW, April 2012]

This comparison with a Pacific Black Duck shows that Glossy Ibises are quite small
[Narrabri Lake, NSW, November 2011]

Here a comparison of a Glossy Ibis with a Purple Swamphen (photo courtesy of J. Greaves)
[Herdsman Lake, Perth, WA, August 2015]

Comparison of a Glossy Ibis with two Radjah Shelducks (photo courtesy of P. Brown)
[McMinns Lagoon, near Darwin, NT, September 2018]

IMMATURE/JUVENILE

Group of 5 Glossy Ibises comprising 3 adults (brown heads) and 2 juvenile birds (grey heads; second and third from the right)
[Narrabri Lake, NSW, March 2016]

Glossy Ibises banking to land; adult in breeding plumage, front left, and juvenile, back right
[Narrabri Lake, NSW, March 2016]

Additional information

More photos of Glossy Ibises were obtained by us in Oman.

Behaviour

Social behaviour: ?

Mobility: Dispersive

Elementary unit: Pair/family clan

Food, Diet

Ibises feed on small animals, from insects to leeches, moluscs, mussles and crustaceans, that they pull out of mud or soft soil.

Adult Glossy Ibis (left) and two immature birds feeding in shallow water; this photo allows a size comparison with an Australian White Ibis
[Narrabri Lake, NSW, December 2012]

Call(s)/Song

For this species we have recorded the following call(s)/song. The interpretation of their meaning is our own; comments and suggestions for improvement are welcome.

We will try to replace this poor recording with a better one as soon as possible.

glibis_20161221.mp3

(N NSW)

Warning/departure (partial recording)

© MD

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