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Credits to contributors

The following friends have kindly provided photos and bird spotting information to these pages, which are hereby gratefully acknowledged. Each piece of information and each photo are credited individually on the respective pages. Many thanks to all!

Contributed photos, audio and sighting information

J. Pires
Contributions can be found on the pages describing the following bird species:
Red-legged Partridge, Common Quail, Common Pheasant, Mute Swan, Greylag Goose, Greater White-fronted Goose, Snow Goose, Pink-footed Goose, Brent Goose, Barnacle Goose, Common Scoter, Northern Shoveler, Tufted Duck, Ring-necked Duck, Ferruginous Duck, Common Pochard, Red-crested Pochard, Mallard, Eurasian Teal, Garganey, Eurasian Wigeon, American Wigeon, Gadwall, Northern Pintail, Common Shelduck, Red-breasted Merganser, Great Crested Grebe, Black-necked Grebe, Little Grebe, Common Loon, Great Shearwater, Cory's Shearwater, Scopoli's Shearwater, Sooty Shearwater, European Storm-Petrel, Wilson's Storm-Petrel, Northern Gannet, Brown Booby, Great Cormorant, European Shag, Greater Flamingo, Purple Heron, Grey Heron, Great [White] Egret, Little Egret, Cattle Egret, Little Bittern, Black-crowned Night Heron, Green Heron, Squacco Heron, Glossy Ibis, Eurasian Spoonbill, White Stork, Black Stork, Osprey, Eurasian Black Vulture, Griffon Vulture, Rueppell's Vulture, Egyptian Vulture, Osprey, Golden Eagle, Spanish Imperial Eagle, Short-toed Snake Eagle, Bonelli's Eagle, Booted Eagle, Black Kite, Red Kite, Western Marsh Harrier, Hen Harrier, Montagu's Harrier, Pallid Harrier, Common Buzzard, European Honey Buzzard, Black-winged Kite, Eurasian Sparrowhawk, Peregrine Falcon, Merlin, Common Kestrel, Eurasian Hobby, Western Swamphen, Common Moorhen, Eurasian Coot, Red-knobbed Coot, Water Rail, Great Bustard, Little Bustard, Common Crane, Eurasian Curlew, Whimbrel, Common Snipe, Ruff, Little Stint, Sanderling, Wood Sandpiper, Common Sandpiper, Green Sandpiper, Curlew Sandpiper, Dunlin, Purple Sandpiper, Red Knot, Common Redshank, Spotted Redshank, Common Greenshank, Lesser Yellowlegs, Black-tailed Godwit, Bar-tailed Godwit, Eurasian Stone-curlew, Collared Pratincole, Red Phalarope, Northern Lapwing, Eurasian Oystercatcher, Pied Avocet, Black-winged Stilt, Common Ringed Plover, Kentish Plover, Grey Plover, European Golden Plover, Razorbill, Atlantic Puffin, Great Skua, Great Black-backed Gull, Lesser Black-backed Gull, European Herring Gull, American Herring Gull, Yellow-legged Gull, Audouin's Gull, Iceland Gull, Slender-billed Gull, Common Gull, Mediterranean Gull, Sabine's Gull, Black-headed Gull, Little Gull, Black-legged Kittiwake, Caspian Tern, Sandwich Tern, Gull-billed Tern, Common Tern, Forster's Tern, Little Tern, Black Tern, Whiskered Tern, Black-bellied Sandgrouse, Rock Dove, Stock Dove, Common Wood Pigeon, European Turtle Dove, Eurasian Collared Dove, Common Cuckoo, Great Spotted Cuckoo, Long-eared Owl, Barn Owl, Eurasian Eagle Owl, Tawny Owl, Eurasian Scops Owl, Little Owl, Red-necked Nightjar, Common Kingfisher, Common Swift, Pallid Swift, Alpine Swift, European Bee-eater, Hoopoe, Eurasian Wryneck, Short-toed Treecreeper, Great Spotted Woodpecker, Lesser Spotted Woodpecker, European Green Woodpecker, Great Tit, Coal Tit, Eurasian Blue Tit, European Crested Tit, Penduline Tit, Long-tailed Tit, Common Firecrest, Goldcrest, Eurasian Wren, Dunnock, Common Chiffchaff, Iberian Chiffchaff, Willow Warbler, Western Bonelli's Warbler, Northern Wheatear, Bluethroat, Whinchat, European Stonechat, Blue Rock Thrush, Common Nightingale, European Robin, Black Redstart, Eurasian Nuthatch, Common Whitethroat, Lesser Whitethroat, European Pied Flycatcher, Spotted Flycatcher, Eurasian Blackcap, Garden Warbler, Sardinian Warbler, Dartford Warbler, Western Subalpine Warbler, Golden Oriole, Iberian Grey Shrike, Woodchat Shrike, Eurasian Magpie, Iberian Magpie, Red-billed Chough, Eurasian Jay, Western Jackdaw, Rook, Carrion Crow, Common Raven, White Wagtail, Western Yellow Wagtail, Grey Wagtail, Eurasian Skylark, Woodlark, Greater Short-toed Lark, Calandra Lark, Tawny Pipit, Berthelot's Pipit, Red-throated Pipit, Meadow Pipit, Water Pipit, Tree Pipit, European Serin, Eurasian Siskin, Atlantic Canary, European Goldfinch, Brambling, Common Chaffinch, Hawfinch, Eurasian Bullfinch, European Greenfinch, House Sparrow, Spanish Sparrow, Eurasian Tree Sparrow, Rock Sparrow, Common Linnet, Cirl Bunting, Corn Bunting, Common Reed Bunting, Rock Bunting, Barn Swallow, Red-rumped Swallow, Common House Martin, Eurasian Crag Martin, Sand Martin, Crested Lark, Thekla's Lark, Zitting Cisticola, Great Reed Warbler, Eurasian Reed Warbler, Melodious Warbler, Cetti's Warbler, Sedge Warbler, Common Grasshopper Warbler, Redwing, Mistle Thrush, Song Thrush, Common Blackbird, Common Starling, Spotless Starling.

D. Wilczynska
Contributions can be found on the pages describing the following bird species:
Grey Partridge, Common Pheasant, Mute Swan, Whooper Swan, Greylag Goose, Greater White-fronted Goose, Velvet Scoter, Eurasian Wigeon, Common Goldeneye, Tufted Duck, Goosander, Common Pochard, Garganey, Northern Shoveler, Mallard, Gadwall, Ruddy Shelduck, Black-necked Grebe, Great Cormorant, European Shag, Great White Pelican, Great Egret, Little Egret, Grey Heron, Black-crowned Night Heron, White Stork, Black Stork, Greater Flamingo, Lammergeier, Egyptian Vulture, White-tailed Eagle, Common Buzzard, Rough-legged Buzzard, Long-legged Buzzard, Western Marsh Harrier, Eurasian Sparrowhawk, Common Kestrel, Eurasian Coot, Common Moorhen, Common Crane, Eurasian Curlew, Black-tailed Godwit, Common Snipe, Common Redshank, Common Greenshank, Temminck's Stint, Common Sandpiper, Green Sandpiper, Wood Sandpiper, Ruff, Ruddy Turnstone, Common Ringed Plover, Northern Lapwing, Pied Avocet, Black-winged Stilt, Yellow-legged Gull, Common Gull, Slender-billed Gull, Black-headed Gull, Black Tern, Whiskered Tern, White-winged Black Tern, Rock Dove, Common Wood Pigeon, Eurasian Collared Dove, Common Cuckoo, Little Owl, Common Swift, Common Kingfisher, European Bee-eater, European Roller, Eurasian Treecreeper, Hoopoe, Black Woodpecker, European Green Woodpecker, Great Spotted Woodpecker, Eurasian Blue Tit, European Crested Tit, Marsh Tit, Great Tit, Eurasian Penduline Tit, Eurasian Wren, Goldcrest, Willow Warbler, Wood Warbler, Common Chiffchaff, European Robin, Common Redstart, Black Redstart, Whinchat, Northern Wheatear, Isabelline Wheatear, Black-eared Wheatear, Common Rock Thrush, Blue Rock Thrush, Spotted Flycatcher, European Pied Flycatcher, Common Whitethroat, Lesser Whitethroat, Eurasian Blackcap, Barred Warbler, Bohemian Waxwing, Western Rock Nuthatch, Great Grey Shrike, Red-backed Shrike, Woodchat Shrike, Eurasian Golden Oriole, Eurasian Magpie, Eurasian Jay, Western Jackdaw, Hooded Crow, Rook, Common Raven, White Wagtail, Western Yellow Wagtail, Greater Short-toed Lark, Eurasian Skylark, Woodlark, Tawny Pipit, Tree Pipit, Meadow Pipit, Water Pipit, House Sparrow, Eurasian Tree Sparrow, Spanish Sparrow, Trump Finch, European Serin, Red-fronted Serin, Eurasian Siskin, European Goldfinch, Common Chaffinch, European Greenfinch, Eurasian Bullfinch, Hawfinch, Common Linnet, Common Rosefinch, Yellowhammer, Cirl Bunting, Common Reed Bunting, Corn Bunting, Black-headed Bunting, Barn Swallow, Common House Martin, Sand Martin, Eurasian Crag Martin, Crested Lark, Savi's Warbler, Sedge Warbler, Marsh Warbler, Icterine Warbler, Great Reed Warbler, Fieldfare, Mistle Thrush, Song Thrush, Common Blackbird, Common Starling.

M. Eaton
Contributions can be found on the pages describing the following bird species:
Red-legged Partridge, Mute Swan, Little Grebe, Great Crested Grebe, Canada Goose, Greylag Goose, Barnacle Goose, Red-breasted Goose, Common Eider, Common Shelduck, Mallard, Gadwall, Garganey, Common Pochard, Red-crested Pochard, Northern Shoveler, Tufted Duck, Smew, Goosander, Northern Fulmar, Great White Pelican, Northern Gannet, Great Cormorant, European Shag, Pygmy Cormorant, Glossy Ibis, Purple Heron, Grey Heron, Great [White] Egret, Little Egret, Cattle Egret, Squacco Heron, Little Bittern, Griffon Vulture, White-tailed Eagle, Black Kite, Eurasian Sparrowhawk, Common Buzzard, Common Kestrel, Common Moorhen, Eurasian Coot, Common Snipe, Ruddy Turnstone, Common Sandpiper, Ruff, Temminck's Stint, Sanderling, Dunlin, Common Greenshank, Common Redshank, Bar-tailed Godwit, Black-tailed Godwit, Whimbrel, Eurasian Curlew, Eurasian Stone-curlew, Eurasian Oystercatcher, Pied Avocet, Common Ringed Plover, Northern Lapwing, Spur-winged Lapwing, Black-winged Stilt, Black-legged Kittiwake, Common Gull, Black-headed Gull, European Herring Gull, Yellow-legged Gull, Great Black-backed Gull, Gull-billed Tern, Arctic Tern, Black Tern, White-winged Black Tern, Atlantic Puffin, Razorbill, Common Guillemot, Black Guillemot, Common Wood Pigeon, Eurasian Collared Dove, Common Kingfisher, Common Swift, Hoopoe, Great Spotted Woodpecker, Eurasian Wryneck, Great Tit, Eurasian Blue Tit, Coal Tit, Eurasian Penduline Tit, Long-tailed Tit, Eurasian Wren, Dunnock, Common Chiffchaff, Iberian Chiffchaff, Willow Warbler, European Robin, Isabelline Wheatear, Black Wheatear, European Stonechat, Blue Rock Thrush, Eurasian Blackcap, Sardinian Warbler, European Pied Flycatcher, Spotted Flycatcher, Eurasian Magpie, Western Jackdaw, Hooded Crow, Carrion Crow, Rook, White Wagtail, Yellow Wagtail, Grey Wagtail, Meadow Pipit, House Sparrow, Tree Sparrow, Yellowhammer, Common Linnet, Arctic Redpoll, Common Redpoll, Eurasian Siskin, Brambling, Common Chaffinch, European Greenfinch, Barn Swallow, Eurasian Reed Warbler, Sedge Warbler, Crested Lark, Thekla Lark, Redwing, Fieldfare, Song Thrush, Mistle Thrush, Common Blackbird, Ring Ouzel, Common Starling.

G. Normand
Contributions can be found on the pages describing the following bird species:
Grey Partridge, Mallard, Gadwall, Ferruginous Duck, Common Pochard, Red-crested Pochard, Little Grebe, Ruddy Shelduck, Great Cormorant, Little Egret, Squacco Heron, Grey Heron, White Stork, Griffon Vulture, Osprey, Common Buzzard, Red Kite, Eurasian Sparrowhawk, Western Marsh Harrier, Hen Harrier, Common Kestrel, Peregrine Falcon, Common Moorhen, Common Snipe, Common Sandpiper, Sanderling, Ruddy Turnstone, Black-tailed Godwit, Eurasian Whimbrel, Eurasian Oystercatcher, Red Phalarope, European Turtle Dove, Long-eared Owl, Tawny Owl, Common Kingfisher, Short-toed Treecreeper, Wallcreeper, Great Spotted Woodpecker, Middle Spotted Woodpecker, Lesser Spotted Woodpecker, Green Woodpecker, Black Woodpecker, Eurasian Blue Tit, Marsh Tit, Coal Tit, European Crested Tit, Long-tailed Tit, Dunnock, Alpine Accentor, Eurasian Wren, Goldcrest, Common Chiffchaff, Willow Warbler, White-throated Dipper, Common Nightingale, Blue Rock Thrush, European Robin, Common Redstart, Black Redstart, European Stonechat, Northern Wheatear, Eurasian Nuthatch, Pied Flycatcher, Spotted Flycatcher, Common Whitethroat, Eurasian Blackcap, Sardinian Warbler, Great Grey Shrike, Red-backed Shrike, Alpine Chough, Eurasian Jay, Western Jackdaw, Hooded Crow, Common Raven, White Wagtail, Grey Wagtail, Western Yellow Wagtail, Meadow Pipit, Water Pipit, European Rock Pipit, Eurasian Tree Sparrow, Eurasian Bullfinch, Common Chaffinch, European Goldfinch, Common Linnet, Common Reed Bunting, Cirl Bunting, Yellowhammer, European Serin, Eurasian Siskin, Barn Swallow, Red-rumped Swallow, Sand Martin, Eurasian Crag Martin, Eurasian Reed Warbler, Sedge Warbler, Melodious Warbler, Mistle Thrush, Redwing, Common Starling.

H. Dahlem-Senger
Contributions can be found on the pages describing the following bird species:
Common Pheasant, Greylag Goose, Canada Goose, Barnacle Goose, Goosander, Mallard, Gadwall, Tufted Duck, Red-crested Pochard, Common Shelduck, Ruddy Shelduck, Great Crested Grebe, Mute Swan, Great Cormorant, European Shag, Eurasian Spoonbill, Glossy Ibis, Grey Heron, Great [White] Egret, Little Egret, Cattle Egret, White Stork, Greater Flamingo, Red Kite, Black Kite, Common Buzzard, Gyrfalcon, Common Kestrel, Common Crane, Common Moorhen, Eurasian Coot, Red-knobbed Coot, Black-tailed Godwit, Common Redshank, Common Sandpiper, Little Stint, Ruddy Turnstone, Common Snipe, Eurasian Curlew, Common Ringed Plover, Pied Oystercatcher, Northern Lapwing, Black-winged Stilt, Pied Avocet, European Herring Gull, Yellow-legged Gull, Slender-billed Gull, Common Gull, Black-headed Gull, Mediterranean Gull, Audouin's Gull, Common Tern, Common Wood Pigeon, Common Kingfisher, European Green Woodpecker, Great Spotted Woodpecker, Hoopoe, European Crested Tit, Eurasian Wren, Bluethroat, Whinchat, Stonechat, Black Redstart, White-throated Dipper, Eurasian Nuthatch, Eurasian Blackcap, Pied Flycatcher, Spotted Flycatcher, Lesser Whitethroat, Common Whitethroat, Eurasian Golden Oriole, Eurasian Magpie, Eurasian Jay, Western Jackdaw, Hooded Crow, Carrion Crow, Rook, Common Raven, White Wagtail, Grey Wagtail, Woodlark, House Sparrow, Yellowhammer, Reed Bunting, Common Linnet, European Serin, Common Chaffinch, European Goldfinch, European Greenfinch, Barn Swallow, Common House Martin, Song Thrush, Fieldfare, Common Blackbird, Common Starling.

S. Cuturilov
We are very grateful to S. Cuturilov for his support in identifying several bird species presented on these pages.
Contributions can be found on the pages describing the following bird species:
White-fronted Goose, Squacco Heron, Greater Flamingo, Common Crane, Common Snipe, Wood Sandpiper, Black-winged Stilt, Little Ringed Plover, Mediterranean Gull, Whiskered Tern, European Turtle Dove, Tawny Owl, Common Kingfisher, European Bee-eater, Eurasian Treecreeper, Black Woodpecker, European Green Woodpecker, Middle Spotted Woodpecker, Coal Tit, Marsh Tit, Willow Tit, Penduline Tit, Long-tailed Tit, Common Firecrest, Goldcrest, Willow Warbler, Dunnock, Eurasian Wren, European Robin, Whinchat, Barred Warbler, Woodchat Shrike, Red-backed Shrike, Eurasian Nutcracker, Alpine Chough, White Wagtail, Common Crossbill, Common Rosefinch, Brambling, European Goldfinch, Yellowhammer, Eurasian Siskin, Black-headed Bunting, Ortolan Bunting, Cirl Bunting, Rock Bunting, Bearded Reedling, Barn Swallow, Red-rumped Swallow, Song Thrush, Crested Lark, Sedge Warbler, Great Reed Warbler.

C. Pears
Contributions can be found on the pages describing the following bird species:
Common Pheasant, Red-legged Partridge, Greylag Goose, Canada Goose, Mallard, Mute Swan, Whooper Swan, Northern Fulmar, Great Cormorant, Northern Gannet, Little Egret, Grey Heron, White Stork, Common Redshank, Black-tailed Godwit, Ruddy Turnstone, Eurasian Curlew, Eurasian Oystercatcher, Greater Black-backed Gull, Lesser Black-backed Gull, European Herring Gull, Black-headed Gull, Common Guillemot, Common Wood Pigeon, Rock Dove, Great Tit, Coal Tit, Eurasian Blue Tit, Dunnock, European Robin, Eurasian Nuthatch, Eurasian Magpie, Red-billed Chough, Common Raven, Western Jackdaw, Hooded Crow, Carrion Crow, Rook, House Sparrow, Common Chaffinch, European Rock Pipit, White Wagtail, Common Starling.

M. Thomas
Contributions can be found on the pages describing the following bird species:
Mute Swan, Barnacle Goose, Red-crested Pochard, Gadwall, Tufted Duck, Great Crested Grebe, Little Egret, Eurasian Sparrowhawk, Common Kestrel, Eurasian Coot, Whimbrel, Sanderling, European Herring Gull, Lesser Black-backed Gull, Black-headed Gull, Common Wood Pigeon, Short-toed Treecreeper, Great Spotted Woodpecker, European Green Woodpecker, Great Tit, Eurasian Blue Tit, Marsh Tit, Long-tailed Tit, Eurasian Wren, Dunnock, European Robin, Eurasian Nuthatch, Eurasian Blackcap, Eurasian Jay, Western Jackdaw, Hooded Crow, Carrion Crow, Hawfinch, Eurasian Bullfinch, European Goldfinch, European Greenfinch, Common Chaffinch, House Sparrow, Common Linnet, European Serin, Song Thrush, Common Blackbird, Common Starling.

G. Pinelas
Contributions can be found on the pages describing the following bird species:
Ring-necked Duck, Grey Heron, Grey Heron feeding, Common Buzzard, Whimbrel, Ruddy Turnstone, Dunlin, Sanderling, Common Sandpiper, Red Knot, Bar-tailed Godwit, Little Ringed Plover, Kentish Plover, Great Skua, Great Black-backed Gull, Lesser Black-backed Gull, American Herring Gull, Yellow-legged Gull, Caspian Gull, Iceland Gull, Bonaparte's Gull, Ring-billed Gull, Mediterranean Gull, Audouin's Gull, Little Gull, Common Gull, Black-headed Gull, Common Wood Pigeon, Hoopoe, Black Redstart, Semicollared Flycatcher, Eurasian Jay, Common Linnet, Red-rumped Swallow, Zitting Cisticola, Common Blackbird.

A. Sarok
Contributions can be found on the pages describing the following bird species:
Eurasian Sparrowhawk, Merlin, Penduline Tit, Black Redstart, Common Nightingale, Common Whitethroat, Lesser Whitethroat, Collared Flycatcher, Western Yellow Wagtail, Hawfinch, Eurasian Siskin, Yellowhammer, Common Reed Bunting, Bearded Reedling.

R. Normand
Contributions can be found on the pages describing the following bird species:
Little Grebe, Great Cormorant, Whimbrel, Bluethroat, Yellowhammer, House Bunting.

K. Paunovic
Contributions can be found on the pages describing the following bird species:
Ferruginous Duck, Long-eared Owl, Wood Warbler, Western Yellow Wagtail.

M. A. Pears
Contributions can be found on the pages describing the following bird species:
Common Eider, Eurasian Sparrowhawk, Arctic Tern, Yellowhammer.

L. Senger
Contributions can be found on the pages describing the following bird species:
Common Kestrel, Common Blackbird, Common Starling.

I. Medenica
Contributions can be found on the pages describing the following bird species:
European Nightjar, Common Kingfisher, Woodchat Shrike.

Beata from Warsaw
Contributions can be found on the pages describing the following bird species:
Hoopoe, Red-backed Shrike, Sedge Warbler.

A. Heintz & I. Hamzaoui
Contributions can be found on the pages describing the following bird species:
Barbary Partridge, Common Blackbird.

P. Brown
Contributions can be found on the pages describing the following bird species:
Black-crowned Night Heron, Rock Dove.

M. Ehle
Contributions can be found on the pages describing the following bird species:
Griffon Vulture, Eurasian Collared Dove.

M. Senger
Contributions can be found on the pages describing the following bird species:
House Sparrow, Song Thrush.

Agnieszka from Lodz
Contributions can be found on the pages describing the following bird species:
Hoopoe.

Fink family
Contributions can be found on the pages describing the following bird species:
Barn Swallow.

J. Mierzwinski
Contributions can be found on the pages describing the following bird species:
Marsh Warbler.

M. Dahlem
Sound recordings credited to "MD" are our own.

General information

Some of the information presented here is adapted from various books and field guides, in particular:

German names of species